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Java
was one of the earliest places in the world where man lived. In
1891 a fossil skull of an ape man was discovered at Trinil in
Central Java. This erect near-man lived at a time when Europe
was under ice and most of Indonesia was a part of Asia. He walked
to Java when the Sunda Shelf was above water. Java was then a
high mountainous island covered in jungle. This species of man
ranged from Africa all the way to the glacial border of Europe
and east to China 500,000 years ago at the very beginning of the
Pleistocene Period. Charcoal and charred bones indicate he used
fire and made crude flint heads. This homo erectus was not an
ancestor of present-day Indonesians but a race all its own that
has vanished; either he couldn't adapt or was destroyed by a more
advanced species. Excavations at Sangiran (north of Solo, Central
Java) uncovered an even more primitive type than homo erectus.
In 1931 at Ngandong (near Trinil), 11 skullcaps were found, more
advanced than homo erectus, the so-called Solo Man.
All eleven skullcaps had been deliberately cracked open at their
bases: Solo Man was probably a cannibal. Found with him was an
astonishingly rich fossil bed of 23,000 mammalian bones, mostly
of extinct oxen, elephants and hippos. Also uncovered were scrapers,
borers, choppers, and stone balls used in slings. Negritos, a
pygmy people who began to radiate through the islands 30,000 years
ago, were the first known human migrants into Indonesia. No one
knows from where they came. There are still genetic traces of
these wooly-haired round-headed people in the jungles of East
Sumatra, the uplands of the Lesser Sundas, and in the remote highlands
of New Guinea. They were the First Wave. More advanced than the
Negritos were the two human skulls found at Wajak along the Brantas
River in East Java. The first true ancestor of present-day Indonesians,
Wajak Man was the earliest known homo sapiens found on Java; he
lived about 10-12,000 years ago. Wajak Man might have been an
Australoid type, who replaced the Negritos.
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