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A family could include grandparents, grandchildren, father's relatives, mother's relatives, nieces, nephews, cousins. The nation as a whole is a family; presidents, bupatis and schoolmasters are often referred to as Bapak or Pak (father) or else Bung (brother) by the public. School mistresses are addressed as ibu (mother) by their pupils. The heart and soul of Indonesia is the village. 80% of the people live in 60,000 agricultural communities throughout the archipelago. Village life has changed only very superficially over the past thousands of years. The village council of elders is the foundation on which the Indonesian version of democracy is based. Village and family loyalties come before all others. City dwellers, only 15% of the total population, are the exception. But even the capital of Indonesia with a population of 5.7 million has all the habits and manners of a village, or actually, of hundreds of villages.