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JAVA'S LANGUAGE


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language: As a direct result of the strong influence of the Indian caste system on Javanese life, their language is known as the most intricate linguistic device ever devised to show social rank. Many Javanese in fact prefer to speak Bahasa Indonesia because then they won't have to speak up or down to people. Because its population is the densest of all the islands, people are organized into a tighter heirarchy on Java. There are high, middle and low levels for speaking to your inferior, your equal and to your superior. There are also separate languages for the gods and for ritual feasts, an ancient poetic language, a classical Old Javanese, and special formal vocabularies for the royal court.

This means that a sultan always has to use the low language and the servants the high language when talking to each other. Village school teachers address pupils in ngoko and the pupils answer back in kromo. Their language also shows the Javanese to have an obsession with politeness. You never ask a tailor outright 'How much?' but instead 'What will it be in exchange for the thread?'. For your wife you say 'friend in the back of the house.' Two different speech tones, a/us (polite) and kasar (crude) are used. One is very soft, slow, tender, the other hard, loud, rough, rapid. In wayang performances you can easily hear the difference between the good guys and the bad guys, the well-bred knight and the uncouth giant.


 

 



 

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