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Population is purely a Javanese (and to a lesser extent, Balinese) problem. Thus it's an Indonesian problem. With a birthrate of 1 %x million people per year, Java is a precise working model of the Malthusian Theory in which the positive check of death operates to keep the total population within the means of subsistence. In 1805 Java had a population of only 5 million. While Asia as a whole doubled its population between 1800 and 1950, Java's increased 7 times. Now Java has 80 million people in an area about the size of the state of New York and will most likely double its present population in 20 years, becoming a virtual island city. 65% of Indonesia's total population is concentrated on this 1000 km long grossly overpopulated island, its land area amounting to only 7% of the total land surface of Indonesia. Java today has Indonesia's biggest and most crowded cities, yet 85% of it is iural. It has the densest agricultural population in the world with over 1500 people per square km, one vast village. Because the countryside is so economically depressed and politically insecure Indonesians surge into the cities.

But even the countryside is now feeling the pressure; the incredible absorption capacity of the Javanese village finally breaking down. If population growth and urban immigration levels continue at the current rate, Jakarta's population alone is expected to grow to more than 21 million by the end of this century. Java's population leaps ahead of measures to limit it. The government has begun family-planning programs and the new Rp5 coin, the lowest monetary unit and circulated widely amongst the rural masses, has on the reverse side a neat couple with two kids and the motto Keluarga berencana menuju rakyat sejahtera ('Family Planning leads to a Prosperous People'). There are folk traditions used in limiting family size, and in some Javanese villages elections for the 'King of the Condom' and the 'Queen of the Diaphragm' are held. But the absence of a welfare system or of any social security program almost necessitates having children who'll take care of you when you grow old. The Javanese give as the solution to the over population and erosion crisis the magic word, transmigrasi. These transmigration schemes, the shifting out of Java's overpopulation to resettlement agricultural camps in the outer islands, have never really worked. It's like transplanting a malignant cancer from the breast onto the leg. There will be gigantic problems with regards to education and natural resources in the years to come.


 

 



 

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